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Scots
Signers of the Declaration Of Independence
Of the fifty-six Signers of the Declaration
of Independence, no less than nine can be claimed as directly
or indirectly of Scottish origin. Edward Rutledge (1749-1800),
the youngest Signer, was a son of Dr. John Rutledge who emigrated
from Ulster to South Carolina in 1735. The Rutledges were a
small Border clan in Roxburghshire. William Hooper (1742-1790),
was the son of a Scottish minister, who was born near Kelso
and died in Boston in 1767. Hooper early displayed marked literary
ability and entered Harvard University when fifteen years of
age. At twenty-six he was one of the leading lawyers of the
colony of North Carolina. George Ross (1730-79), was also of
Scottish parentage. His nephew's wife, Elizabeth (Griscom) Ross
(1752-1832), better known as "Betsy Ross," was maker
of the first national flag. Matthew Thornton (1714-1803), the
distinguished New Hampshire statesman and physician, was brought
to this country from the north of Ireland by his father when
about three years of age. He accompanied the expedition against
Louisburg in 1745, was President of the Provincial Convention
in 1775 and Speaker in January, 1776. In September, 1776, he
was elected to Congress, and in November following signed the
Declaration of Independence, although he had not been one of
the framers. Thomas McKean (1734-1817), was a great-grandson
of William McKean of Argyllshire who moved to Ulster about the
middle of the seventeenth century. He was a member of Congress
from Delaware (1774-83), Chief Justice of Pennsylvania (1777-99),
and Governor of the state from 1799 to 1808. George Taylor (1716-81),
described as the son of a clergyman and "born in Ireland,"
was most probably an Ulster Scot. He was a member of the Provincial
Assembly of Pennsylvania from 1764 to 1770 and again in 1775.
James Wilson (1742-1798), whose fame was to become as wide and
lasting as the nation, was born in St. Andrews, the old university
city of Fifeshire. He was a Delegate to Congress from Pennsylvania
in 1776, Member of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, and
Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1789
till his death. He strongly advocated independence as the only
possible means of escape from the evils which had brought the
various commonwealths into such a state of turmoil and dissatisfaction.
Philip Livingston (1716-1778), grandson of Robert Livingston,
the first of the American family of the name, was Member of
Congress from New York in 1776. "His life was distinguished
for inflexible rectitude and devotion to the interests of his
country."
Last
but greatest of all to be mentioned is the Rev. John Witherspoon
(1722-94). Born in Yester, Scotland, educated in Edinburgh,
minister in Paisley, he was called in 1768 to be President of
the College of New Jersey, now Princeton University. He said
he had "become an American the moment he landed."
He took an active part in the public affairs of the colony of
New Jersey, and in the convention which met to frame a constitution
he displayed great knowledge of legal questions and urged the
abolition of religious tests. In June, 1776, he was elected
to the Continental Congress, and in the course of the debates
he displayed little patience with those who urged half measures.
When John Dickinson of Pennsylvania said the country was not
ripe for independence, Witherspoon broke in upon the speaker
exclaiming, "Not ripe, Sir! In my judgment we are not only
ripe, but rotting. Almost every colony has dropped from its
parent stem and your own province needs no more sunshine to
mature it." He further declared that he would rather be
hanged than desert his country's cause. One of his sons was
killed at the battle of Germantown.
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